Testing the FreeRADIUS 2.x Package onpfSense
- I have NPS setup on my 2008 R2 domain controller. Having issues getting my Firewall/VPN device to authenitcate users via Radius that is pointing to my NPS/SC server. Is there a tool out there that I can use to verify if NPS is correctly receiving and responding to radius request?
- The radtest command provides a simple tool for testing the FreeRADIUS server by querying it directly with requests.
- Test FreeRADIUS performance with jRadius¶ jRadius is a tool to test a FreeRADIUS server. It can perform many different request types, numbers of requests, attributes and authentication methods. It can test how many requests a RADIUS server can answer at a time, to make sure that it will perform well in a specific environment.
FreeRADIUS is the most used RADIUS server in the world. FreeRADIUS comes with web-based user administration tool and is modular, very scalable and rich sets of features. This is a how to install FreeRADIUS and Daloradius on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7.
Test the FreeRADIUS configuration¶
FreeRADIUS offers an easy to use command line tool to check if theserver is running and listening to incoming requests. An interface,a NAS/Client and a user must all be configured:
Add a User with the following configuration:
- Username: testuser
- Password: testpassword
Add a Client/NAS with the following configuration:
- IP-Address: 127.0.0.1
- Shared Secret: testing123
Add an interface with the following configuration:
- IP-Address: 127.0.0.1
- Interface-Type: Auth
- Port: 1812
SSH to the pfSense firewall and type in the following on the commandline while FreeRADIUS is running (check before in System Log):
The following output should appear if everything was setup correctly:
The really necessary thing is Access-Accept. Check the system logfor the following output:
3ds max 2013 crack download. If something was configured wrong (such as an incorrect username) thenthis will be displayed:
The Accesss-Reject packet is visible, and the system log willcontain the following output:
If the steps above do not work then do not need proceed with any otherconfiguration. This is the first thing that should be tested.
There is a Windows testtool availableas well. Another nice tool is the JRadiusFramework, covered next.
Test FreeRADIUS performance with jRadius¶
jRadius is a tool to test a FreeRADIUS server. It can perform manydifferent request types, numbers of requests, attributes andauthentication methods. It can test how many requests a RADIUS servercan answer at a time, to make sure that it will perform well in aspecific environment. This tool needs a non-windows system with java torun. I tried with openSUSE:
Download JRadius Minimal (client).
Unzip the file with the following command:
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Start the application with the following command:
The application window will open. Fill out the fields:
- RADIUS tab
- Transport: UDP
- RADIUS Server: 192.168.0.10
- Shared Secret: mysharedsecret
- Auth Port: 1812
- Acct Port: 1813
- Send Timeout: 10 (or fill in what the NAS offers as timeoutto make test more 'real')
- Send Retries: 0 (or fill in what the NAS offers as timeoutto make test more 'real')
- Requester Threads: 1 (To understand this option think aboutthe number of NAS nodes. Every NAS is a Requester Thread. Inworst case after a power cycle all NAS reboot at once so enterhere the amount of NAS nodes)
- Requests per Thread: 1 (To understand this think about thenumber of hosts which are connected to this NAS at a time and whenthe NAS rebooted all clients will try to reauthenticate)
- Simulation Type: Auth only (if accounting is chosen, thenadditional attributes must be added later)
- Authentication Protocol: PAP (Change it to suit the needs ofthe site but TLS needs a client cert, PEAP users only the servercert from FreeRADIUS)
- Verify Standard: None
- Check Log RADIUS to log tab
- Attributes tab:
- User-Name: myuser
- User-Password: mypass
- NAS-Port: 25 (any value is ok)
- NAS-IP-Address: 192.168.0.111 (IP of the NAS)
- Check all four attributes in AccessReq
- RADIUS tab
- Click Start
Then the test will be performed. It could take some time and the displaywill show the number of requests can be handled per second and theresponse speed. If the server cannot handle the requests fast enoughthen think about increasing FreeRADIUS > Settings, Maximum Numberof Threads. Do not increase this unlimited. It will help on peaks butif there is a high load all the time, think about a faster backend(MySQL instead of flat file). There is also a speed difference if thetestuser in FreeRADIUS > USers is listed at the bottom of a 100users long list or at the top. And there is a difference if there aremany reply attributes like VLAN ID and so on.
After this performance test check the FreeRADIUS server as described inthis chapter: FreeRADIUS 2.x package
Test authentication to any public online RADIUS server via radtest or eapol_test tools.
What is RADIUS
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RADIUS - Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service is a networking protocol, that provides centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) management for users who connect and use a network service.
Protocol was developed in 1991 and to this day just about everyone uses it, since RADIUS is the underlying authentication and access protocol used by the majority of network and computing systems.
How Does RADIUS Work?
Initiate
User device sends a request to gain access to a network. This request includes access credentials.
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Authenticate
The RADIUS server checks that the information is correct using an authentication protocol (ex: PAP, CHAP, EAP). The RADIUS server returns with one of three responses: Access Reject, Access Challenge, or Access Accept.
Connect
Once the user is authenticated, the RADIUS server will check that the user is authorized for the specific network access and enable connection.
Communication between a network access server (NAS) and a RADIUS server is based on the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Issues related to server availability, retransmission, and timeouts are handled by the RADIUS-enabled devices rather than the transmission protocol.RADIUS servers receive user connection requests, authenticate the user, and then return the configuration information necessary for the client to deliver service to the user.
Password and Challenge-Handshake authentication
PAP
Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) is a password-based authentication protocol used by Point to Point Protocol (PPP) to validate users.
CHAP
Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) authenticates a user or network host to an authenticating entity.
MS-CHAP
MS-CHAP is the Microsoft version of the Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol, CHAP. The protocol exists in two versions, MS-CHAPv1 and MS-CHAPv2.
EAP - Extensible Authentication Protocol
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EAP is an authentication framework, not a specific authentication mechanism. It provides some common functions and negotiation of authentication methods called EAP methods.
EAP-MD5
EAP-MD5 was the only IETF Standards Track based EAP method when it was first defined. It offers minimal security; the MD5 hash function is vulnerable to dictionary attacks, and does not support key generation, which makes it unsuitable for use with dynamic WEP, or WPA/WPA2 enterprise.
EAP-TTLS
EAP Tunneled Transport Layer Security is an EAP protocol that extends TLS. The client can, but does not have to be authenticated via a CA-signed PKI certificate to the server. This greatly simplifies the setup procedure since a certificate is not needed on every client.
EAP-PEAP
Protected EAP (PEAP) adds a TLS layer on top of EAP in the same way as EAP-TLS, but it then uses the resulting TLS session as a carrier to protect other, legacy EAP methods.
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EAP-LEAP
Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol (LEAP) is a proprietary wireless LAN authentication method developed by Cisco Systems. Important features of LEAP are dynamic WEP keys and mutual authentication (between a wireless client and a RADIUS server). LEAP allows for clients to re-authenticate frequently; upon each successful authentication, the clients acquire a new WEP key. LEAP may be configured to use TKIP instead of dynamic WEP.
